My local news had some people admitted to hospital with Covid and despite having the certificate, not having been actually vaccinated (which can be seen in blood tests some time afterwards) which has resulted in identifying some medical personnel who had been issued fake certificates of vaccination without actually vaccinating people; since every certificate "knows" when and where exactly you got the vaccine, which exact batch/vial of vaccine was used, and the institutions' medical records will show who (supposedly) made the injection.
The prosecution for the document forgery is still ongoing, but since some of the affected patients died from severe covid, that's essentially wrongful death through intentional medical malpractice, so the involved doctors/nurses will not only lose their licenses to practice but are quite likely to see jail time, and since a nontrivial ratio of people do get ill as Covid is still spreading, if someone fake-vaccinates a lot of people, they are likely to be identified.
But there were reports that some Germans were selling the certificates on the "dark web" (i.e. you have to know the WhatsApp number of the seller), and are working with rogue pharmacy employees to issue valid certificates...
As for stores, I don't think they are supposed to check at all. Or at least I hope so. Personally I have never been checked.
another case was that doctors were bribed to sign a document that person was vaccinated even if that person has not visited vaccination center. so yeah, there are attempts, but at the same time, law enforcement works its job sometimes.