Author here - it's difficult to provide a single number to summarize what we've observed re: CPU, but one data point is that average CPU utilization across our cluster increased from ~40% to ~50%. This effect is more pronounced during NA daylight hours.

Worth noting that part of the reason this is relatively low impact for our read queries is that the hot portion of our dataset is usually in Postgres page cache where the data is already decompressed (we see a 95-98% cache hit rate under normal conditions). We've noticed the impact more for operations that involve large scans - in particular, backups and index builds have become more expensive.