It's somewhat amusing to see someone write a lengthy rant against testing because memorizing information is archaic, when the ability to write, at least at the start, is learned this way.

The most obvious example why you're wrong is learning a second language. Even learning a language outside of a classroom generally requires memorization of fundamental vocabulary (and sometimes a writing system); it therefore makes sense that a class teaching a second language would test students on this memorization.

Now, other fields might not be so obvious, but they require many things to be quickly accessible, much in the same way that one might need quick access to a word or a character with a second language. A biologist needs to know and understand the central dogma, an engineer needs to understand mechanical stress, and a chemist needs to be able to read a structural formula; they need to be able to do these things essentially instantly (and understand them intuitively) to be able to even discuss more complex topics, because complex information builds on simple information. Hence it makes sense to make sure those pieces of information are understood and readily available before sending a student off to a more advanced topic.