Any election's outcome will be the same whether I vote or not.
It can't be truer, but somehow people get really mad at me when I say it.
It can't be truer, but somehow people get really mad at me when I say it.
Tied and one-vote margin elections are not at all unheard of.
It wouldn't make any difference at all with proportional representation. And PR can even be implemented in the executive branch, as the Swiss have demonstrated.
Yes, it would.
Any PR system is going to have thresholding, so there will be some number of votes that do not effect the outcome. (Majoritarian elections are just one-seat PR with the Droop quota, maximizing ineffective votes.)
Up to a certain threshold a spoiled ballot might be considered a mistake, but once over that threshold, it could me something more. For instance, that voters are not interested by the policies of any parties on the ballot.