I think what could be worth exploring is progressive energy taxing. Basically let each individual consume a certain amount which is needed for living a normal life, but tax energy usage exceeding that increasingly heavily.

On top of this base model one could then also introduce subsidies for specific energy intensive industries that are deemed essential (probably not bitcoin).

That would handle the distribution of limited* amount of energy we have. CO2 emissions should probably be taxed separately and progressive rates would seem reasonable to me here as well.

* Yes, we can still build more, but at some point the energy usage has to stagnate. Exponential growth in usage would lead the Earth to become very hot in a few hundred years since the only way heat gets released to space is via infrared radiation which is limited by the surface area of the planet [1, Section 1.3].

[1] Murphy, T.: Energy and Human Ambitions on a Finite Planet (2021), a free textbook at https://doi.org/10.21221/S2978-0-578-86717-5