IBM unveils microchip based on the human brain
newscientist.com
newscientist.com
and for comparison:
"the ultra-efficient human brain is estimated to have 100 billion neurons and at least 100 trillion synapses"
This is amazing. IBM is actually reaching towards the old dream of creating a computer that is as powerful as the human brain. I'm aware that hardware alone doesn't do it, but still damn impressive.
More like Hz, actually. Neurons are slow - I am not sure how frequently can they fire, but I am sure it is not in the multi-thousand per second range.
All that said, a relevant question to ask is, "What is the information content of a single action potential?" There is not an agreed-upon answer among neuroscientists. The metaphor linking brain and a personal computer is extremely strained: to start, it is not quite true that neurons can carry out logical functions. Neurons are firmly rooted in the analog domain and it is much more straightforward to infer polynomial-type computations from their physiology, the order and coefficients being dictated by the particulars of the scenario. Also, the current thinking is that information is encoded in bursts or repetitive APs, called "spike trains". But if we must, I'd throw out a range of 0.5 to 5 bits per spike [Rieke, et al.]. (If you want to go down a rabbit hole and explore one of the pivotal topics among people studying neural computation, look up "rate coding" versus "temporal coding". Perhaps even phrasing the question that way is misleading.)
Here's a side note that may be of interest: during an AP, the trans-membrane voltage swings from approximately -100 mV to +100 mV (very rough figures). If you consider that this potential difference is applied across the 3 nano-meter thick cell membrane, the resulting electric field is very close to the dielectric breakdown voltage for phospholipid membranes. Our neurons are constantly operating within a factor or two of literally destroying themselves! (The preceding paragraph contains very back-of-the-envelope reasoning. To be more rigorous, I'd have to dig out my notes and reference materials, but the general point nonetheless holds.)
-Their chip only has a superficial connection to biological neurons. Any characterization of this chip in terms of "brains" is frankly bullshit. This is like measuring Google's computing clusters in terms of human brainpower.
-Everything their new chip can do has been done in software / FPGAs. While moving ANN's to ASICs can improve training speed (and is important), it does not help with the unsolved algorithmic challenges they present. Furthermore, the hardware structure severely constrains the ways in which these ANNs can be applied.
-Last time this IBM lab made a misleading announcement to the press, it was appropriately ripped to shreds by a very respected individual in the neuroscience community (http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/semiconductors/devices/bl...)
-Lastly, please refrain from drawing conclusions or extrapolating on science-related articles in the popular press. They are characterized by hyperbole and misinformation, and in many cases are flat-out wrong.
In fact, I remember programming ANNs in horribly non-distributed C paradigms, and even PureData objects trying to come up with non-garbage computer music in the 90's and thinking we needed precisely the kind of chip they're trying to engineer.
This, and the advent of HTMs and other non-ANN ways of going about it, mean that chips that handle distributed processing for applications that model human creativity (which is necessarily about concurrent time-based activities), are a -good- thing no matter what the degree of success, IMHO.