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You can have a central subsidy system that is not synchronous.

Not without giving up some of that "central". Yours would be an "eventually central" subsidy system.

I assume the centralisation is to prevent someone taking the subsidized fuel and either taking it out of the country, or selling it back to a refineary to claim the same subsidy twice for the same fuel.

This always happens when you start to give out free money.

Populist fuel subsidies that also destroy our planet. Iran has the 8th highest CO2 emissions at 642,560,030 tons