The Rolling Stones’ studio receipt for recording ‘Wild Horses’ and ‘Brown Sugar’
dangerousminds.net
dangerousminds.net
Boy am I glad we did, because we ran into Steve Melton who worked as the chief engineer at sound studios for most of those seminal years. I don't remember if he worked on these songs, but boy did he have stories to tell about the studio! He was there on his own little pilgrimage, making a return to sound studios for the first time in however many years. Meeting him was this wonderfully serendipitous moment, and I'm immensely grateful to him for taking the time to chat with us and share his stories. One of my buddies later recorded an interview with the man, for a documentary about our road trip. If anyone's interested I can see if it's online somewhere.
Anyway, muscle shoal sound studio is a wonderful place, with very friendly and knowledgeable staff. There are so many cool stories from that place and it was like I could feel the history of it all, it was really quite inspiring and moving to me.
If you're in the area I highly recommend a visit. The nearby town of Florence had some great food and wonderful people as well.
"The Funk Brothers produced more hits than The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Beach Boys and Elvis Presley combined." [0]
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_in_the_Shadows_of_Mot...
The Laurel Canyon one with Jakob Dylan is outstanding.
Translated to: nothing else to do.
If I remember correctly, part of the reason for sending the Stones here was so that they couldn't misbehave quite as much and would actually finish their music.
Moreover, very few locals actually knew them at the time. Everyone knows The Rolling Stones these days, but back then without the internet word didn't travel as fast, and very few people in Muscle Shoals or Florence at the time had even heard of the Rolling Stones let alone seen them. Apparently this was true for most artists who recorded at the studio back then. So aside from there being few distractions, the talent could actually roam free in town without being bothered by photographers or locals.
It seems to me that there was this perfect confluence of circumstances that made muscle shoals sound studio such a great place to record at the time. It wasn't far from Memphis or Nashville, while also being private, more or less distraction free, great studio musicians and engineers and perhaps most importantly a great sound.
Another cool story they told us was when the stones where there to record they didn't have all the lyrics to wild horses ready, or they had to redo parts of it, so Keith Richards (if I recall correctly) locked himself in the bathroom and didn't come out till they were done. The rest of them impatiently hanging out right outside waiting for the man to emerge with a hit. They referred to the toilet as the most important song writing room in the house. :o)
When we were there one of my buddies got so inspired by the studio that he actually came back about six months later or so and recorded with a band we'd met in Jackson the night before. Sadly the video is in black and white, but you can at least get a bit more of a sense of space in the studio than from the pictures in the article: https://youtu.be/s_HHgeKLqog
It's a wonderful place to visit, highly recommend it.
However, it's probably mostly happenstance relating to a laissez-faire (for the time) attitude toward race from the area. WLAY would play both "hillbilly" and "race" music. Sam Philips (founder of SUN Records and ex-DJ from WLAY) and Rick Hall (founder of FAME Studios) were quite happy to record (some people would say exploit) artists regardless of race and that was a really big deal at that point.
Quote from here about the issues in the Jim Crow South: https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/entertainment/music/2021/0...
"You'd go into a town and you'd find somebody nice enough to fix a dinner for you and let you sleep in a bed," Rush said. "You'd put some mattresses on the floor ... or you'd sleep in your car. That's what we had, man, and we didn't think nothin' about it."
And, do remember, The Blues in the US was almost dead by 1965--rock had pushed everything aside. It was all those silly Brits with electric guitars picking it back up and putting it into rock that effectively resurrected it.
Wonderful place to visit, I'll go back there on purpose given half a chance.
I don't often pay close attention to the lyrics in songs, but after hearing the Rolling Stones were pulling "Brown Sugar" from their set list [0] because of it's offensive lyrics, I read through the lyrics [1] and I was shocked to find that the song is about raping a young slave girl. I was shocked; the tone of the song is so incongruous with the horror of the crimes described in the lyrics.
So, let's not call "Brown Sugar" one of rock music's greatest songs. Without the lyrics, it's a great bit of music, but it's completely tarnished by the lyrics.
[0] https://people.com/music/rolling-stones-retire-brown-sugar-l... [1] https://genius.com/The-rolling-stones-brown-sugar-lyrics
And overall, it is about sex with black women, in a general sense. Two of Mick's black girlfriends each claim it is about them. I'd say the first verse is sort of a twisted sex fantasy. (and not just men indulge in rape fantasy/roleplay stuff)
Obviously, Mick can relate to the slave trader in the first verse, in the sense that he had so many women who would let him do as he pleased with them, with zero regard for their enjoyment. I'm not saying he behaved that way, but he certainly could have, every day if he wanted to.
Not really defending it, it's pretty awful to listen to. It certainly has an iconic guitar riff.
Good lyrics or jokes make you think. They don't tell you what to think.
Surely, a lot of rap music would fall afoul of a moral filter pretty quickly if taken sincerely. Not sure why we'd apply a different standard to rock music written back when rock was more radical.
If, in 50 years, you see me claiming some incoherent rap song with tasteless lyrics is one of the greatest rap songs of all time, you have my permission to call me a hypocrite.
Reading the lyrics now is... wow it's something.
Jagger was 26 years old in Alabama making light of almost every serious issue of the time. Thats really not that absurd or different than what “okurrs” now. A reference to Cardi B’s chart topping songs about personally being a scamming sex worker and general misandry. The people have always had the power to create consequences and simply did not on these topics, and now do so arbitrarily on some predictable topics.
Sticky fingers has sold like ~20 million copies (last I checked) and is regarded as one of the best Rolling Stones albums and one of the best '70s albums altogether.
Not bad ROI on two songs.
Also, even though everyone seems to know 'Brown Sugar', 'Wild Horses', and 'Can't You Hear Me Knocking', IMHO: 'Sway' and 'Moonlight Mile' are some of the best songs but, honestly, I can always put this record on and listen to the whole thing start to finish. Certainly one of my faves while driving for long periods.
What I have seen usually being quoted by professional studios in Switzerland is around $150-250 per hour for studio+engineer with discounts if you book days.
But the recording sessions are only a small part of the process from writing to publication of music. And what really racks up the cost if one starts adding big names to any part of the production. If you just stick with professionals that charge for their services, not their brand, you can actually get great productions for not too much money.
I remember hearing stories about how Nirvana recorded "Bleach" for $600. The story goes Chris Novoselic went to the founder of Sub Pop records and demanded they be under contract. The founder basically took a stock contract that he copied at the local library for .10 and had them sign it - giving them royalties on Bleach and Nevermind.
Turns out when all the grunge bands were going to the big labels, those Nirvana royalties effectively allowed them to stay in business during their lean times.
But you're right. I heard many, many stories of the hair bands getting signed, then going on a drug and spending binge and then never being able to complete their contractual obligations to the label.
Those stories are about the total budget to produce an album, this is just the cost of the studio time and tapes. I'd bet the producer alone made more than $1000 for this song, and there would be many other people getting similar amounts.
The producer was undecided but eventually said royalties, and ended up getting millions
It certainly would be interesting to see a sample of albums, the studio bill, the marketing bill, and then the sales / revenue. I'm sure there are exceptions but I bet big bets correlate with big busts :)
In the Houston area where I live there are few studios that can and do record professional and big names. Most of those have rates around 150-250 bucks per hour. Recording to tape is rarely done anymore but these days 2" tape will run between 100-300 a reel. Depending on tape speed that will capture around 10-15 minutes of multi track music. If the band is tight and arrangements are worked out you can fit 2 songs on that.
Big name producers can range from a percentage of pre-recoup sales, to a flat fee to a mix of both. In the early 2000s I think Dr Dre quoted a friends and family price as a flat fee of 50k per song. I think that would balloon to 150k for those outside his circle.
Also note- this receipt for the Rolling Stones is only for studio time and materials. That may include engineering time and producer fees, but I would hazard a guess that it does not. I would also bet that Jimmy Miller(the producer of Sticky Fingers) had a separate fee so the 1000 bucks was not really the all in cost.
Recording/mixing just varies incredibly widely, and it varies by reputation of the producer, how much time, effort they put into your song, time in studio, things like that. That being said, ~$40k seems REALLY high to me (but I suppose if you are an act like the Rolling Stones, that is comparitively low).
I played with a regionally popular band around the same time and we were able to record a 5-song EP for $7500; it sounds like we got a similar level of attention from our producer (who had a few "oh yeah I know them" acts on his resume but none as popular as Avenged Sevenfold).
$40k would be extortionate for what we got, but there are producers out there who are worth it. The Beatles got a good deal no matter what they paid George Martin.
I'm making this up obviously, my point is recording technology has increased vastly in quality and decreased vastly in cost, so for a single song to cost $40k just to record (assuming that mixing and mastering is done elsewhere) there has to be a LOT of moving parts and unique considerations ramping up the cost.
$40k should be enough for your average band to record a full medium to high quality album and have it mixed and roughly mastered. Not necessarily by the best in the business at any level, but you should still have a high quality, release worthy result at that price if you are not being taken advantage of.
Nowadays you can buy the technology off the shelf.
But the most important question is time. You can pay less than $1k for a full studio day with great equipment and great staff, but it adds up if you're slow, or your players are learning the song (or even writing it!) in the studio.
And of course, you can do a lot at home with a couple thousand dollars of hardware today.
Asking Google, a studio runs "30-200+" an hour, which doesn't say a lot, but says that todays prices easily undercut what The Rolling Stones chose to pay.
Many artists basically craft tracks in the studio these days. That really started in earnest with Sgt. Pepper's but it's much more common because of democratizing technological changes.
You can spend unbounded amounts of time in the studio if you have the budget.
Here’s a Cher album named after the street address!
https://muscleshoalssoundstudio.org/
https://muscleshoalssoundstudio.org/pages/gallery
Past artists using the Studio:
- The Rolling Stones
- Aretha Franklin
- George Michael
- Wilson Pickett
- Willie Nelson
- Lynyrd Skynyrd
- Joe Cocker
- Levon Helm
- Paul Simon
- Bob Seger
- Rod Stewart
- Tamiko Jones
- Cat Stevens.
Lots of great London Studios in UK, like Basing Street Studios in Notting Hill (Now SARM)
https://blackcablondon.net/2011/12/04/cabbies-curios-basing-...
So much incredible music was recorded here!
His autobiography "Life" is pretty readable. To me at least, the ghost writer managed to make it sound like him.
He discloses that he uses a non-standard tuning, which is why the average bar band has had a hard time with it these 50 years.
https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/aug/19/aretha-frankli...