Germany is building risk into its playgrounds
theguardian.com
theguardian.com
https://berliner-seilfabrik.com/en/product/triitopia-02/
I'm a little envious. On my german playground in the 80s we had a simply pyramid-like structure like this. A little bit more risky, but in its pure geometry a little bit boring after you conquered the top.
https://berliner-seilfabrik.com/en/productgroup/polygodes/
(Another vivid memory of my playground in the eighties in Germany was that time when the sandpit was first closed and then the sand was replaced: slight fallout from Chernobyl. Possibly an overreaction in retrospect, southern Bavaria was more hit than we in western Germany. But still one of my first memories about world happenings.)
Speaking from the UK... not really. Well, there are regulations, for example it's illegal to hit a child, but broadly you are free to allow the risks you feel appropriate.
What they are tends to be quite specific to location e.g. rural vs urban. Constant supervision would be unusual for teens.
I actually disagree with your main point, and see more similarities than differences across cultures!