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> Rising energy costs - coal and crude - have pushed up prices of raw materials such as phthalic anhydride, cuprous chloride and urea. These are used to manufacture CPC Blue (Copper phthalocyanine blue) crude, a key ingredient of pigment blue, which in turn goes into the making of various shades of blue paints. [0]

[0] https://m.timesofindia.com/city/ahmedabad/gujarats-bolt-from...

Likely cobalt. Most of the other blues are either made of relatively abundant elements or have very good synthetic equivalents.

https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2018/05/14/new-blue-pigment-...

Could be Titanium Dioxide that is involved in whitening. Have seen enough from my view that this would be my guess. And what could be more basic than that. :)

You need that for every color so that the sun doesn't discolor your paint so probably not.

If that was the problem then white wouldn't be available either