I think part of the problem might be people too often try to come up with some grand unifying theory all at once, without standing on the shoulders of giants. Sort of like trying to write a gigantic codebase all in one sitting (no test suite, no syntax highlighting) and then sending it off for code review without even running it.

This preprint my co-authors and I are working on might offer something of a babystep, not toward consciousness itself but toward the simpler problem of self-reflection, and more specifically of measuring self-reflection in reinforcement learning agents: https://philpapers.org/archive/ALEEET-3.pdf