Eurodollar system was already alive for almost a century by then:
"The first seeds of the eventual eurodollar bloom, in domestic US terms, were sown all way back in sixteen – as in the year 1916. Believe it or not, the Federal Reserve Act, then only a few years old, had been modified so that banking syndicates (those able to raise the princely sum of $1 million capital) could form what were called agreement corporations.
What was the agreement? Like the arrangement in London many years later which would make the eurodollar into all it could be (and then some), US agreement corporations would be relatively free of regulation provided that their exclusive focus and customer base didn’t include any domestic Americans or American businesses. "[0]
And from 1975[1] from Richard Debs, FRBNY’s Chief Administrative Officer:
"Finally, for the sake of logic, I should mention the legal framework of the Euro-dollar market, since I included the Euro-dollar market in my working definition of international banking from the point of view of the United States. However, I’m afraid that I can’t do much more than just mention it. The Euro-dollar market itself is not easily definable, and its legal framework, if any, is even less so. The market grew rapidly without the assistance, or burdens, of an integrated or even coordinated set of laws. It is an international—or multinational, or transnational—phenomenon, but it is regulated only to the extent that the Euro-dollar activities of the institutions operating in that market—the Euro-banks— are subject to regulation and supervision by the national jurisdictions in which they operate."
> But name one need in the real economy that requires complex financial products and we can have a discussion.
Some people have the very real need to hedge the risks they face, whether they be growers of grains or the banks that lend to grower of grains or institutions that have idle assets they can lend to markets and generate additional yield on to offset declining yields elsewhere. Yes, these instruments can get used by speculators, but that helps for liquidity purposes for those who want to hedge such risks in markets.
Just because you don't see it being apart of the "real economy" doesn't really matter to those participants.
To me, I think that the biggest issues I have with the current system is the level of moral hazards at play with the centralized and incumbent players (and the centralized governments they have captured) who will fight tooth and nail to avoid the day of reckoning where the excess can be washed out despite the pain it may cause to some people over others who prudently managed risk.
And this is where I think DeFi[2] can step in and provide a leveling playing field, where centralized incumbents and their captured governments cant just stop the DEX they have massive exposure on when the trade they put on blows up in their face (even if it means a "fiscal mass extinction events for many enterprises & households" who have long bitten off more they can chew)
[0][1] https://alhambrapartners.com/2021/09/17/dollar-warning-updat...
[2] https://maroonmacro.substack.com/p/issue-23-the-bull-case-fo...