Still no full system backup like iOS
Upgrading Android phones, even with their supposedly new migration assistant via cables, still kept losing most of my apps' device-local data and settings, as if Google didn't care about anything that isn't on their servers.
On Android, all of my photos are backed up to Google Photos. Most games use Google Play's cloud save system. All of my notes are in Google Keep or Google Docs (or Notion) which all are backed up in the cloud. Whenever you switch phones, you can easily select a list of all the apps you want to install and _most_ of them have data backed up automatically.
I think literally the only stuff on my phone that isn't backed up is local files (downloads etc.) but those could easily just be saved to Google Drive instead of on-device.
And besides downloads, there are many apps that just use local files and that you therefore need to transfert manually. e.g. apps from F-Droid, SMS, Wechat, etc. So even though "many" stuffs are automatically stored in Google servers, you still need a lot of case-by-case manual attention and care when transferring to a new phone.