The simplest answer is buying TIPS
https://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_tips_glan...
https://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/products/prod_tips_glan...
I suppose investment managers can employ a variety of other tactics to protect against US inflation, including FX, commodities, picking stocks with low exposure to inflation / proven ability to pass-through rising input costs to customers, alternative currencies like gold or BTC (though in that case you're really just trading inflation risk for other arguably less well understood risks) and more.