Not the same situation. The first aeroplanes were not substitutes for an existing technology.

For substitutes to be viable, they have to have some combination of these attributes: lower up-front cost, cheaper to use, more convenient, more performant, more reliable, and/or more durable than their competitors, from the point of view of the end user.*

So which of these apply to hydrogen vs battery-electric?

* Or have better network effects, where users directly benefit from other people using the product (not a consideration here), or be advantaged by government decree.