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If dark energy is driven by a new light degree of freedom coupled to matter and photons then dark energy quanta are predicted to be produced in the Sun.”

This seems very interesting but I do not understand it. This seems to be saying that dark energy is produced by the sun, and.. exists alongside baryonic matter? What is “new light degree of freedom”?

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The argument is the same for both photon and matter-couplings, but it is easier to think about for photons. If a particle has a photon coupling and has a lower mass than the energy of photons inside the Sun, then there is a chance that a photon can radiate one of those particles.

Have a look at the CAST experiment for one of the standard examples of searches for such particles.

For the layperson (and perhaps everyone), "new light degree of freedom" = new low-mass particle.

All matter particles have a resonant photonic wave state (Energy state). The two differ by how their waveforms are compressed or expanded in time. The above wasn't my hypothesis, can't recall the author, but it came to mind when reading this paper's theorized source.

Based on movies of active sunspots, I can imagine those giant twisting magnetic fields on the sun's surface possibly being a source of unusual type of energy -- possibly emitting an unusual type of matter or photon.

Light moving in another dimension?

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