What kind of book are you looking for? The "Springer Handbook of Odor" is a comprehensive reference, although it mainly covers the "input" side of things. If you're more interested in the Neuroscience of smell, you could try Chapter 6 in Liqun Luo's "Principles of Neurobiology".

BTW, anaesthesia is not mediated by olfaction, but by diffusion of anaesthetic agents into the bloodstream.

edit: if you are looking for a more general and accessible introduction, you could look at Charles Sell's "Chemistry and the sense of smell". It goes into reasonable detail but still maintains genral readability, unlike the science textbooks I recommended above.