Like Swift, how once you check if a pointer (not integers, strings, and non-nullables) is null, the compiler knows from that point on the variable cannot be null.
Like, I'm not trying to be cute here, but the point of having a "non-nullable type" is that you can get an error message when you use a nullable type in its place. However, if you're not talking about non-nullable types and just about whether the compiler knows a value is nil, well, the compiler knows that.
The safety is contagious, preventing crashes from nil pointer dereferences at runtime. For ex: 99% of your program is functions accepting only non-nullable types then 99% of your program is guaranteed to not crash from nil pointer deref.
With Go, you have to check for nil in every function even if all your callers already check for nil. That's because Go can't declare a function's arg as non-nullable type.
I have no idea what you mean.
func foo(a int, b someStruct, c *someStruct)
Now, it is true that there are multiple reasons for using a pointer aside from supporting nil (ability to modify, optimization not to copy a huge object).
Your claims are correct, but it feels like you're missing the point they are (ineffectively) making.
You make it seem like value types solve this problem, but they don't. C also has the same thing you're talking about, but it still has nullability problems.
I think other comments are not even asking for anything complex. Something akin to C++'s references (which cannot be null) would already be a step forward.
Are you sure? This would only work in a world with a single goroutine.