This looks awesome, but as someone who knows nothing about analog computing, what’s a good educational resource to go along with this so that I can use it to actually learn?
Learn to model physical systems with differential equations first (and in 2021 you will probably also learn to solve/integrate them numerically on a computer in the process) then go to op amps.
Here are some other interesting problems you can solve with analog computers that aren't really modeling problems, though: http://dataphys.org/list/dewdneys-analog-gadgets/