Go to the one with most descendants, then keep visiting the descendant with most descendants.
See how the flags start changing. From Islamic scholars to Italian to other European countries to American.
Did we learn anything today? What does this mean?
It means the only reason you have a computer today is because the Islamic civilization passed the torch of knowledge to the West. Then they got invaded by Mongols and we kept the flame alive.
Overstatement of the day.
Without the Ottoman Empire standing between Europe and trade with Asia, there wasn't going to be much of a motivation for exploring new trade roots.
In fact, had the Ottomans just built proper toll roads, they may have held back the Reformation _and_ Renaissance for a 100 or so years. So, even if the preservation of mathematical and scientific knowledge during the dark ages were not a factor, the world would have ended up a rather different place.
I know in European and American histories the existence of the Ottoman Empire and it's impact is not considered when evaluating the external forces that were nudging societies one way or another, but that does not mean there was just a void in the Eastern Mediterranean.
The Islamic world introduced paper to Europe and the book translations that served as the basis for the Reinassance.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_translations_of_the_12th...
>> It wasn’t until the 11th century that paper arrived in Europe, with the Arab conquest of Sicily and Spain. However, paper was quickly considered an inferior-quality material compared to parchment, so much so that, in 1221, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II prohibited its use for public documents. Rice starch, in fact, was an attractive food source for insects, which meant sheets of paper did not last long.
The history of paper owes much to the paper makers of Fabriano, a small town in the Marche region of Italy, who started producing paper using linen and hemp in the 12th century. <<
Now sure I follow. The Reformation in my view was not an inevitable advancement but an unnecessary disastrous event (involving a good deal of looting by protestantizing princes lusting after Church property) that plunged Europe into disastrous religious wars. Why would toll roads have slowed the arrival of this revolt against the Church?
The Renaissance, pace the tidy myths we're taught in schools, was not some clean break from the Middle Ages or even a revolt, but a transition that was heavily indebted to the Middle Ages (actually, in terms of philosophy, it was kind of a mediocre period of history, save for perhaps some exceptions). Are you claiming that exploration was essential to the Renaissance? I'm not sure I buy that.
> I know in European and American histories the existence of the Ottoman Empire and it's impact is not considered when evaluating the external forces that were nudging societies one way or another,
I wouldn't generalize. Had the Ottomans conquered Vienna, it is argued that this breach through the Alps would have allowed the Ottomans to conquer the rest of Europe. Or at least tried to. That much is taught in some European countries.
Now, the fact that the Ottoman Empire could not capitalize on its quick successes is a symptom of the limits of how far one can go with feudal+warlord structures. Do bear in mind that the "empire" was still a going concern for 400 years after that.
Had the Portuguese not had an incentive to circumnavigate Africa and had Columbus not had an incentive to try to get to India by traveling West, would the settlement of the Americas have happened at the pace it did?