I don't think that is historically accurate. The US had many large epidemics of diseases such cholera, typhus, yellow fever, and bubonic plague, not to mention influenza in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The priority on individual liberty didn't get in the way then. Quarantines and lockdowns and mask requirements were imposed and enforced. They even had vaccine or inoculation mandates for some of them.
Heck, arguably an inoculation mandate played an important role in the successful creation of the US. 90% of the loses among the Continental regulars were due to disease with small pox being the most serious.
Inoculation was widespread in Europe and most of the British army was immune, giving them a large advantage. People were still afraid of the risks of inoculation in the colonies and in 1776 the Continental Congress issues a proclamation prohibiting army surgeons from inoculating.
In early 1777 George Washington informed the Continental Congress that he was going to mandate inoculation and told his commanding officers to do so. They inoculated the ~3/4 of the army that had not already had smallpox and all new recruits.
Smallpox continued to rage throughout the war, but no longer in the Continental army. From that point on not a single Continental regiment was incapacitated by smallpox.
On the British side the actual British soldiers were also immune to smallpox, but not so the slaves who had chosen to fight for the British in exchange for freedom or the Native Americans who sided with the British. Those groups were devastated by smallpox.