Monero addresses this by using an ASIC-resistant proof of work algorithm: general purpose hardware is used for mining, which won't just be thrown away because it can be sold and used for other purposes
Yet there are/were Monero ASICS nonetheless. ASIC resistance is a marketing term - especially for Monero.
The current algorithm takes a completely different approach compared to when there were failures several years ago. It's not marketing, people have been rightfully sceptical but it seems like it works