Sanskrit is an artificial language derived from Vedic. There is nothing different with it when compared to other classical languages. Just a lot of poetics led to a wide variety of synonyms and also compounds are easier to create than in English, very much like German. Sanskrit has nouns and verbs, of course it refers to objects like any other language. That said it was considered until not long ago to be highly beneficial from an educational standpoint to know at least one classical language - but ultimately because of it's content and not it's highly inflected grammatical peculiarities.
I don't think there's any such language called 'Vedic'. I don't know about other classical languages but the emphasis in Sanskrit is on object properties and not on the object itself. Yes it does have nouns and verbs but nouns are not bound to objects, rather to the properties of the objects. Several examples are quoted in the article.