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Off topic but related, if you haven't heard of Pico-8, the "cartridge" PNG format it uses is a fun read [0].

https://youtu.be/ExwqNreocpg Itsn not js but at least one a qr code

QR code can only contain up to 2953 arbitrary octets, which is way smaller than the imposed 13 KB limit.

Standard QR codes maybe, but you can make bigger ones and there's QR-like systems that use colors and the like as well to store more data.