The only companies that are like those companies are those companies.
In most companies, the CS people don't know what anything in that sort of alert means and will discard it thinking that it's a spam or phishing attempt.
The problem is not that he doesn't work for a megacorp. The problem is that Atlassian screwed up.
I think you're reading it as saying that the helpdesk people ("customer support"?) at a large organization like Amazon, Microsoft, or Salesforce would be trained to recognize a mis-directed email from a vendor and send it to the right place, but I don't think that's the claim being made.
Also, regardless of whether or not I received the mail, the initial mail stated that only authorized users could exploit this. So Atlassian did not inform any of their users fully until Sep 4, whereas they were well aware on Aug 26 that the vulnerability was exploitable by anyone.
Internet email has never been considered a highly-reliable messaging system; its quite possible an infrequent data loss in a mail server would get misattributed to a failure outside.
Heck, even ignoring the unreliability of email generally, in fact, your assumption that it must not occur because you haven't previously heard about it demonstrates how that might happen.
But that is not the main point. Even if the email was lost somewhere in Office 365, people were already pointing out to Atlassian that they should really send a follow up on Aug 27:
https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-67940?focusedCo...
Either is was Atlassian's mailing list software which did not attempt to re-send the email to you after it noticed that the connection got dropped (should that have happened), or is was Microsoft which dropped the email after receiving it, but before storing it into the database and assigning it to your account.
You cannot know who is responsible for this delivery error unless you ask them directly.
It's ok for ad emails. But anything that might cost millions if lost should require some kind of human TCP handshake. Whether by email or phone.
While that may be true, it seems vastly less likely to be the cause for the GP not receiving precisely this mail... Given that several other commenters only on this page mention not being able to find any evidence of having received this particular missive, William of Ockham would fall over with laughter at the idea that they all just happened to have email system glitches at the exact same mail.