Will it? I don't think it will. There are a plethora of languages right now and people write more all the time. Go doesn't bring anything "special" to the table to give it Enterprise penetration. People are pretty entrenched with what is out there and it would take some confluence of events to make Go have penetration like Java, Python and others.
"Enterprise penetration" has traditionally been a matter of time, not features. Enterprise software is definitely on its way out so I get the feeling it will not need to penetrate.
Python is 20 years old, though your point stands regardless.