> In India, for example, they use the lines between the segments of the fingers to count.
> This means each digit can represent four numbers and the whole hand can represent 20.
The first part is true, but not the second part. You use the thumb as a pointer to track the lines on the other 4 fingers. So you count up to 16 on each hand. Besides, the thumb has 1 line segment less than the other fingers.