> The study included 104 severely obese (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) men
Wouldn't obesity more a factor than a sleep apnea for testosterone levels?
Wouldn't obesity more a factor than a sleep apnea for testosterone levels?
By the way, professional body builders who go to the gym a couple times per week, increase their diet, optimize their diet, etc. are happy to gain 2,5kg of muscle a year.
So no, muscle gain has nothing to do with weight gain/loss. Successful diets are a lot faster, and most exercise based programs fail in studies.
No matter if you are trained or untrained, the number of muscle cells doesn't change. Only the amount of muscle fibers inside the cells changes.
Also there is a difference in what kinds of muscle fibers are added, and which are removed or replaced by others. Some are better for endurance, others more for peak strength.
My main point is that it is impossible to gain muscle mass faster than you can loose body fat with a proper diet. A proper weight loss in my opinion starts at one kg a week. Extremely obese people should, with medical consultation, aim much higher, though. There is no way you can gain 52kg of muscle mass in a year. Also for shorter periods it doesn't add up.
I've never heard of a professional body builder, or any other athlete, who only went to the gym a couple times every week. The handful of semi-pro body builders I have known are more likely to be at the gym a couple times per day.
With consistency and the right approach you really can feel a sort of compounding effect on your body's hormonal output. It's important to have some intuition around nutrition, human physiology, and the necessity of rest also. The more muscle mass you have the easier it is to get lean quickly because your body just has more capacity to expend energy.
Do not listen to the lies on this website that movement and exercise are not an important part of the equation, but keep in mind that getting injured will derail you the most and should be avoided at all cost. Nutrition is easy if you consume a variety of natural foods (nothing out of a package or can) and get enough protein, which is possible also for vegetarians and vegans and I'd suggest it.
If you are fairly obese I would suggest by starting with regular short walks, as many as you can manage in a day, while eating as much as you need, as long as the ratio of calories from protein compared to those from carbs and fat is reasonable.
It's definitely true that getting fat constricts your airways. When you lose weight, your tongue actually gets smaller, letting through more air. This is basically the same idea as losing weight in your feet and your shoes fitting differently -- weight gain or loss happens all over.
But the converse is also a problem: when you can't breathe at night, your body is under stress, and that can lead to overeating during the day.
There is some connection between the hormones lectin and ghrelin and lack of sleep. Not sure what the best reference is but I googled and found a few articles:
Equally, lower testosterone levels often result in diminished activity and less muscle mass, leading to weight gain.
But the primary cause of reduced testosterone is age. The trick to avoiding all of these problems is to not be old. Stay at 18 and you are less likely to suffer any of these things.
There are studies with millions of participants and by controlling for smoking, obesity, they still find increased risk and associations that are still very probably noise.fitting.
That's why they compared obese patients who have sleep apnoe to obese patients who don't.
No, not everybody who is obese has sleep apnoe.
(But maybe testosterone levels are way more tightly correlated than I realise, IANA anything relevant!)