Overall both class and teachers didn’t like memorizers. On the other hand, it was possible to pass pretty well by memorizing. Sometimes teachers would put in random bits in tests to throw off memorizers. Sometimes it worked, sometimes it didn’t. All in all, memorizing and actual learning lived side by side.
The main difference from what West looks like, the Soviet-ish system was designed for failure. For me it looks very weird when lots and lots of people get best grades. I was raised that 10 (out of 10) is rare perfection. 9 is great. 7-8 is fine. Even 5-6 is ok if you ain’t interested in a given subject. Not everybody is super smart, not everybody is passing school with perfect grades. And that’s perfectly fine.
Unfortunately a couple decades later our education system is westernized and everybody DESERVES best grades. And the system is bending over.