A flash SMS is kinda like a regular SMS (I remember receving them already on my Nokia 3310), and uses the same protocol. However, it will appear directly on the screen of the user and won't be saved in the received messages. You could also send one yourself, if you can send AT messages to your cell modem :)
Some more technical info: http://web.archive.org/web/20080327112445/http://www.dreamfa... http://web.archive.org/web/20080325030443/http://www.dreamfa...
iOS visuals have changed since 2012, but the process is the same in 2021: 1. full-screen message 2. another full-screen message with a numpad and buttons.
I'm surprised that this feature is not massively used to scam people. Is it because sending service SMS is restricted to certain parties?