We have to become used to a world where technology violates every principle we used to consider table stakes for civilization. The challenge is to build some kind of stable society out of the mess we've made.
Didn't bans on chemical and biological weapons keep research in those fields small enough to prevent the emergence of politically potent factions with a pecuniary interest in their development?
The nuclear test ban treaties have held up well.
There is a big difference between "states openly develop these things and rich people lobby for more budget", and "states have secret programs as a hedge against noncompliance by the other side".
Autonomous robots are much further along, relatively, and the upsides are realizable next year whereas the downsides are in the farther future. Does not seem promising.