When you want to build again, create the instance and then recreate the EBS volume from the snapshot and attach it to the new instance. Pull the latest set of changes from the git repo and build with the old cache!
Obviously there are cache purging considerations (e.g. starting from scratch once per week/month) you could optimise as well.
https://source.android.com/setup/build/downloading
Although, an answer at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33053615/how-to-download... from October 2020 says that even a partial clone is still 73 GB in size!? That’s insane! How the heck come it’s so big?
I just ran the command here and my AOSP 11.0 checkout is 54GB, minus any git history, since I clone from a local mirror and use '--reference' to avoid having to copy objects.
A lot of the size here is from the various prebuilts, AOSP build is quite self-contained (jdk, clang, etc) and barely uses anything from the host.