Does the Tuskegee experiment explain black vaccination rates?
mattbruenig.com
mattbruenig.com
However, black people at most education levels are poorer than the average population (unfortunately) - and according to this chart - poor people are also much more likely to not be vaccinated [2].
You can't really make any conclusions from the two charts - but I would guess a lot of this is because black people are disproportionately poorer than average.
[1] https://www.shadac.org/news/HPSVax-06.21#:~:text=47.0%25)%20....
[2] https://www.axios.com/covid-vaccines-low-income-poor-workers...
A friend's anecdotal evidence was that skepticism was U-shaped as a function of age - there were older black people much more likely to have close experience of mistreatment. For reference I'm not in the US and some still bring up tuskegee, but also more typical things that do apply locally - "oh some skinheads beat you up? What a shame. Might be nasty if you made an issue of it" type stuff. Younger generations have had less mistreatment - not none, but less - and, like everyone else, are divided between pragmatic decision makers and conspiracy theorists.
Of course, if you're from certain regions of Pakistan, there is much more recent evidence of vaccines specifically being misused, and was also discussed recently on HN (as a point of pedantry, the people in question did get real vaccines. Still pretty awful). I don't believe this has had as much impact as certain sections of the media with a fetish for diaspora narratives and a poor grasp of geography would like.
Yes, this theory was always ridiculous. Like many other things we hear from the prestige media, it barely merits an eye-roll, let alone a full refutation. Nevertheless, I appreciate Bruenig taking the time.
Sadly, our cultural-professional-managerial elites live in a weird echo chamber where such things must be said. I wonder if they themselves even believe what is coming out of their mouths.
It’s not that the vaccine is another example of minorities being targeted, it’s an example of where the govt say “trust us” and minority groups have a bit more historical awareness where the govt said that and lied.
And statements like that are why I don't trust any social science without digging a few layers deeper than the data that's initially presented.
> With approximately 75% of Blacks and 60% of Whites in this study self-reporting awareness of TSS (i.e., they self-reported having heard of the TSS)
What isn't higher is accurate information about what was actually done in the experiments. This is interesting to know. But mere awareness of the experiments may be driving attitudes regardless of whether the specifics that people believe to be true are actually false.
There's is a lot of weight coming from a grand parent telling you "hey, this bad stuff happened back in my day so you can't trust these folks" vs reading it in a book and that's hard to quantify.
Fwiw I do think there are other factors at play more related to general socioeconomic issues. They just might also correlate strongly with race, zip code and a bunch of stuff.
I mean, I'm white, and I'm pretty sure that they are, but I could forgive a black person for not being so sure.
Favorite recent meme I saw "People who believe in conspiracy theories have never been project managers." That is, when you know how much of a herculean task it is to organize a group of say 20 people with a relatively small project, you understand how impossible it would be to have some mass, global conspiracy where everyone managed to keep their mouth shut.
It's about why someone might believe such a thing and what you can to do to try to convince them otherwise.
"They use the same vials" isn't a great argument to give to a skeptic. Unless you manage to get in the back rooms and observe the full chain of custody of every syringe, you can't know for sure you're getting the same thing as someone else.
If your existing prior is that you are likely being deceived and tricked into receiving something that may harm you, it's rational to think they'll use techniques to make it seem like you aren't receiving any special treatment.
If you could see that every syringe used was filled from the same "output port" (don't know the actual term) on the same storage device, then it'd be a lot harder to accuse them of anything.
The Tuskegee experiment happened because the black population was essentially powerless to fight back, perhaps coupled with a feeling of contempt from the ruling class towards them as a people group. Power preys on weakness.
Fast forward to the current day, and although white populations have more power than black populations on average, the ruling elite has a total asymmetrical power advantage over both populations. Therefore, they are able to experiment upon the entire population without much repercussion.
Black people understand powerlessness from their history, and therefore they know to be on guard (more hesitant). White people are less familiar with powerlessness, and can be caught off guard (less hesitant).
I don't think that's fair. I find Bruenig's analysis reductive. It doesn't even look at Black vaccine hesitancy over time, which a halfway decent analysis would have done. What you see is that there is high hesitancy early on, and that hesitancy drops faster than many other groups as time progresses. It could be the case that skepticism, given the history of healthcare and the Black community, drove initial hesitancy, and then that waned as people saw millions of others do just fine. Bruenig's analysis would entirely miss that.
He also takes a huge leap in equating skepticism of healthcare more broadly in the Black community with skepticism of the vaccine in particular. There are so, so many assumptions he is just completely skating past here. E.g., it could entirely be the case that there is broad skepticism of healthcare in the Black community at all educational levels because of issues that persist to this very day (e.g. it's pretty well known that many people working in healthcare believe Black people are less susceptible to physical pain than white people). So, it's entirely plausible that you can start with a higher level of skepticism with respect to anything healthcare related within the Black community (e.g. because of both historical and/or current problems), but see decreasing vaccine hesitancy as education levels increase (e.g. because that correlates with better understanding of the vaccines and the trials it goes through). All of this would be entirely consistent with the data Bruenig presents, but would be entirely inconsistent with his conclusions.
What I am fundamentally getting at is that his analysis is reductive, and could potentially be explained by scenarios that are 100% counter to his conclusion.
If you were to ask the other big demographic, they'll tend to come up with all kinds of reasons such as "the vaccine is new and hasn't been tested enough" and the like. But at the end of the day, they are biased against it because others in their peer group are against it (or because they feel pressured by "the other side"). This is obvious due to the strong correlation to political leanings.
But they try to intellectualize it to be some other reason. They may not be lying, but they may not understand why they had a tendency to be averse to vaccination.
It is not about surveying everyone.
So I can help you: NO.
I am also a teeny tiny bit Cherokee.
So I can Help you: NO.
I don't to explain anything to you because you are not my mother, father or tribal chief.
NO.
Why??? Because I said so.
Remember the tshirt : "I can explain it to you, but I can't understand it for you."
This correlation appears meaningless in light of the previous paragraph.
> As with the population in general and every other racial group, black vaccination rates climb in lockstep with educational attainment.
Unless the education/vaccination curve has a different shape, then it would seem that the correlation is unrelated to awareness of the Tuskegee Experiment. The conclusion seems to acknowledge that the two are not causally linked. But then why include the correlation from the first quote above?
Edit: Correction: As crackercrews pointed out, I wrote "negatively correlated", when I should have written "positively correlated".
Later data from US Census Bureau surveys.[2] While the Census Bureau did not summarize vaccine hesitation, race, and educational level, they offer downloads of the entire data set of poll replies. (192MB, CSV format), so you can do that yourself. Next data set available August 11th. Good project for big data people.
[1] https://news.usc.edu/182848/education-covid-19-vaccine-safet...
[2] https://public.tableau.com/views/HouseholdPulseSurveyCovid-1...
He's starting with an assumption that disregards any factors that could make the hypothesis he's trying to disprove correct, and so of course the statistics come out in his favor.
It's a very short post. About a two minute read. No guesswork needed about assumptions he's making, you can just read the post for yourself.
It would also be helpful if he didn't limit it to people aged 30-50. What do the rates look like outside of this band?
To start, it's not only the US government but also big pharma that have experimented on African(American)s[1][2], including Pfizer[3]. In Africa, Incidents like these have contributed to a distrust against Western medicine and vaccines[4].
Also saying that because the vaccines are being given to everyone they can't disproportionally affect certain demographics doesn't really fly either. Systemic racism is nearly synonymous with things that are on their face applied equally but don't end up being fair in the end. You could for example distribute certain drugs to certain neighborhood (pop up vaccination or other demographically targeted events). Lastly, racial differences in both disease and pharmacological response to drugs aren't uncommon. [5].
>Approximately one-fifth of new drugs approved in the past 6 years demonstrated differences in exposure and/or response across racial/ethnic groups, translating to population-specific prescribing recommendations in a few cases.
[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_experimentation_in_A...
[2] https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2007/12/102785/scholar-speaks-abou...
[3] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullahi_v._Pfizer,_Inc.
[4] https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/31/opinion/31washington.html
[5] https://ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpt.61
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2569474/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16009745/
There is an ongoing awareness of the Tuskegee experiment in the black community because in every group discussion (among just black people) of the covid vaccines I've observed someone will bring it up.
That said, I'd say it is just one piece of America's extensive history of race-targeted abuse that black Americans are hyper aware of and fuels belief in nonsense conpsiracies.
It does receive quite a lot of outsized attention in media like NPR and academia, to which the original article appears to be responding.
https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-fewer-black-america...
> Barriers to vaccine access faced in many Hispanic communities — alongside the structural limitations communities of color generally face — stand in the way of higher vaccination rates, even as the vaccine becomes more widely available, according to public health experts and community health organizers.
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/03/29/us/hispanic-v...
So, to me the question is just "Are black americans actually responding differently to the vaccine campaign at all, or are we just measuring an effect that's been there forever?"
2 - https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/g... US population is urban: 249,253,271, rural: 59,492,276
Doing some math, ~12% of the black population is rural, and moreover, other ethnic groups represent a larger share of the rural pop. For the sake of this analysis, rural lack of access to vaccines does not explain low vaccination rates among blacks as a whole.
Trump and the GOP have heavily pushed covid into the political sphere. The right wing has worked relentlessly to frame the pandemic in the most political frame possible.
To try to pull some kind of 'well its really all sides' or 'all politicians <whatever>' that is doing a disservice to the truth of history.
There's a major difference between 'not wanting to cause a panic' and the total lies and abdication that characterize the early messages out of the Trump admin - think circa Feb/March 2020.
Also, from what I've seen, anti-vax videos are popular on WorldstarHipHop.com and other black culture venues. They often have very little censorship compared to YouTube.
More interesting would be a comparison of COVID vaccination rates (among American blacks) with their acceptance rates of routine childhood vaccinations, tetanus or rabies vaccines following an injury or wild animal bite, and similar.
You could still give the whites the real vaccine and experiment with the blacks.
But now that people of all races are being vaccinated, this idea doesn't make sense anymore.
That's grossly overstating it.
Whites make up 78% of all employed people, and 72.5% of all healthcare and social assistance workers. They also make up more than 62% of workers in every single subcategory of "healthcare and human assistance". That does not strike me as even remotely under-represented enough that vaccination of healthcare workers could be seen as "whites experimenting on minorities" - not when most healthcare workers are white.
Let me put it this way: 17.4% of healthcare and social assistance workers are black. Meaning that for every one black worker that got vaccinated, more than four white workers would be vaccinated. In what way is it reasonable to see that as "whites treating minorities as guinea pigs"?
Source for employment figures: https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat18.htm
Edit: If we also look at the "front-line worker who works at target, walmart, grocery stores, etc.", that would correspond to the "Supermarkets and other grocery (except convenience) stores" and "Convenience stores" categories, which are 78.4% and 72.1% white, respectively.
Everywhere I've lived, these people skew minority. There are probably more of them than there are front line health care workers.
I appreciate your taking the time to run the numbers on health care workers though.