Mozilla considers the periodic sync API "harmful" because you could use it to track users IP and consumer resources when it's not clear they're interacting with the site
Their stated position:
> We're concerned that this feature would allow users to be tracked across networks (leaking private information about location and IP address and how they change over time), and that it would allow script execution and resource consumption when it isn't clear to the user that they're interacting with the site. We might reconsider this position given evidence that these concerns can be safely addressed, however, addressing them for periodic background sync appears substantially harder than doing so for one-off background sync.
But you could achieve very similar behaviour by using Web Push (which they _have_ implemented) and just sending periodic push message. So now as an honest web developer if I want nice background sync behaviour I have to implement some Rube Goldberg system of periodic push messages from a backend rather than just asking the system to wake me up every now and then.