Hit it when logging in to HN. It will populate both the set of fields you've highlighted (login) as well as the other set on the page (register). If there were a third, hidden, injected set of fields controlled by an attacker, those would be filled too.
The old security-convenience trade-off is an immutable law of the Universe.
i would have thought that most browser autofill extensions would be designed to only fill in details once, but who knows
I'm not so sure. I type many fewer passwords now that I switched from reusing the same password for everything to using a password manager. I went from 60 bits of entropy to over 100 and when my single password got compromised it also compromised every account. Now I type a password once when I unlock a PC and use Face ID to unlock the database on my phone. On the whole things are much more convenient and secure. It was just very inconvenient to touch every account I own.
Rather than a hard and fast rule of the universe, the trade-off assumes a lot of things, such as users are trying to be secure with a specific range of effort.