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> Java ... because it's an enterprise language

I'm not sure that's the main factor. Compared to C# & C++? I don't think "enterprise" has much to do with it.

I'm sure that "unit test craze" has absolutely nothing to do with Smalltalk, SUnit, Kent Beck and the year 1989. /s

I think it's even simpler than Java being an enterprise language. Java is a language with a simple grammar and got a working reflection system early on - both facilitated creation of supporting tooling like test coverage reports embedded in the IDE. It's much easier to cover more code with tests when your IDE makes it almost effortless, and constantly reports how well you're doing. And the easier something is, the more often people do it.