Array languages are arguably more abstract. Rank polymorphism allows semantically the same program to work over various array ranks, where the execution meaning is derived from the context which is the shape of the argument. You can find these in some natural languages, which can have single phrases which you cannot know what it means unless you have the wider context.

Next, array languages abstract away the execution strategy of loops. You as a programmer do not pick whether you use an accumulator or divide-and-conquer in your loops. Some good parallel libraries like Rust's rayon arguably have this feature in the imperative model, but it's not exactly a language feature of Rust.

W.r.t. machine languages, array programs do not have typing information which I think is the case for all modern intermediate representations.