> What criteria (crop type, geography, etc) are required for the benefits you outline of indoor ag to outweigh the energy cost of artificial lighting?

Massive amounts of government regulation that inflates the price.

I.e. just weed so far.

It's mostly high margin vegetables and spices. Look up gotham greens for a successul and properly done indoor ag startup.

Generally tomatoes and maybe peppers have enough margin and volume to be justify indoor settings.

Things like nuts are a no-go or any sort of wheat/cotton/maize/soybean operation (even specialty applications like edamame have severe uphill battles to profitability)