This is why I asked the second question. If FINRA has no obligation to enforce its punishments, but doesn't want to deal with the fallout of the same company with the same name and leadership reapplying for membership, then how do they get around that? Force the company to change name, change executives and reapply in 6 months. it all blows over, FINRA gets their membership fees and everybody is none the wiser.

But yes, in an ideal world it wouldn't work this way. who watches the watchmen? If FINRA isn't regulated, then they can do what they like.