> soviet infiltration of the university education system around the world in the 60's and 70's, which within a lifetime has produced multiple generations of nihilistic bureaucrats trained to seek power for its own sake
It is only a small cookie in comparison to what people in USSR had to deal daily. Regular bureaucrats being bastards was a given, the only difference being how much. From customary "f__k off attitude," to ones laughing, and spitting you in the face while waving their party member card.
I don't have many ideas how to build a system to keep non-appointed government workers in line. Any kind of promotion system can get corrupted in its own way. There is no magic bullet.
What the West got right in general about bureaucracy were these:
1. Less government officers as such
2. Them being given less duties
3. Good distance in between them (this is what is getting eroded lately, with government service becoming a monolith with rich law schools)
Bad things, and bad class culture perpetuate faster than good ones, and is in generally more resilient against deliberate campaigns for cleansing institutions.
Taking the example of Georgia (a country of,) it was proven to be much easier to oust small time habitual bribe takers, nihilists, or poor performing bureaucrats, than "talented villains" who are both more hardcore in their ill, and are better at hiding their crimes, bad ideological stances, or underperformance.
If you kick out those half-corrupted people, but pass a few completely rotten ones, you often empower the later. They can quickly recruit more co-conspirators from new bloods, and corrupt their surroundings more completely. Paradoxically, half-hearted purges in state institutes can often exacerbate the problem by "distilling the poison."
It takes generations, or an extreme shock therapy to disrupt such institutional nihilism.