There's about ~144.3M taxpayers in the US [2]. If each of us paid $1200 per year, that's ~$173Bn per year [3].
Considering that a nuclear reactor only costs $9Bn to build - that's 20 per year [4]. Considering that there are only 60 in the US currently, and that's about 20% of all electricity generation, and that Nuclear isn't the most efficient form of energy generation - we should be able to replace ~7% of dirtiest energy sources per year.
~7% * 25% = ~1.75% reduction in greenhouse gases (at least). Considering that we need to cut emissions by 60% by 2050 - in 30 years, this would be ~52%, and this is definitely not the most efficient method... It's reasonable to think this is actually enough.
However - considering the average taxpayer's Federal tax bill is about ~$8k - good luck convincing them to increase that by 15%. If you make ~$150k, this would be an extra ~$4k per year in Federal taxes.
If you're in the top 1% - and you make $450k - it would be an extra ~$19k per year...
[1] https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emis...
[2] https://taxfoundation.org/publications/latest-federal-income....
[3] https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=100*12*144300000
[4] https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=100*12*144300000%2F900...