As far as I understand it, this kind of asynchronous callback based I/O was a hallmark of VMS's IO subsystem (1st release 1977...); and Unix's "get a byte, get a byte, get a byte byte byte" model was a major criticism that the VMS folks had about it.

https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/14150/how...

So, no, I don't think you need to jump all the way to microkernel/message-passing (like Fuchsia) to get this kind of model.

It sounds exactly like every microkernel architecture to me. Subsystems are processes, processes communicate by sending asynchronous messages, there is a way to wait for a reply to a message to allow synchronous interaction, there is a way to share or transfer ownership of memory between processes to allow bulk data transfer.

Message sending might be implemented on top of memory mapping, but doesn't need to be.