You've got it all backwards.
Bitcoin doesn't need identity to prevent fraudulent payments. It uses math for that.
The legacy banking system has no real, complete solution to fraudulent payments. So instead they bodge on this identity-checking nonsense, which maybe sorta works sometimes, with very high overhead. Privacy is collateral damage here.
KYC for cryptocurrencies is like horse-buggy manufacturers requiring a whip and manure-scooper in every automobile. The horse-buggy industry is very desperately trying to convince you that this requirement is for your own good. And that without it, the terrorists will win.