In my opinion, these robots should just drive in the street with cars. If they get run over, nobody gets hurt. It might actually make things safer by forcing drivers to pay more attention!
They look big enough to cause serious damage to your car if you hit one, so I think you are right that drivers will pay attention to them. But I think drivers will also want to pass them, increasing the chances that drivers will use the bike lanes as passing lanes.
Furthermore, I think drivers will not trust the delivery robots, so when they are passing they will be paying attention to the robot, increasing the chances the drivers will not notice a cyclist in the bike lane.
Put the robots in the bike lanes and then that increases driver attention will be going toward keeping the car out of the bike lane.
I could envision problems with unprotected bike lanes, but those are dangerous by design [1]. However, a robot clinging to the rightmost side of a car lane next to an unprotected bike lane could easily make passing in the unprotected bike lane infeasible.
But, this is all just speculation.
[1] https://usa.streetsblog.org/2019/05/29/protect-yourself-sepa...