Isn't China an example of that?
Do you mean the 1800s? Manifest Destiny? That time when the Americans bought Louisiana for peanuts to double the size of their country, kicked out Mexico to double the size of their country again, bought Alaska to add another 20%, again, for peanuts, and "conveniently" wiped out all the original populations in those territory and provided free land for probably half their population? And also leveraged their common language and culture to steal, pardon me, transfer, industrial technology from Britain?
Gee, I wonder how they got rich, every nation in the world should have been able to reproduce that, right?
I'm not saying that Americans didn't also do amazing things as individuals, but it's REALLY, REALLY hard to be sure that the end result came from those amazing things or from the shady things I listed above.
Every country has plenty of stealing and oppression in its history—you can always point to that to reject the assertion that something different matters. If India was rich, you could point to all the stealing and oppression of the Mughals, etc. But you’re just pointing to correlation, not causation.
Countries that went from poor to rich in the 20th century, like Singapore, Taiwan, and South Korea, among others, without Manifest Destiny and all that jazz show your model to be overall simplistic. Singapore’s Lee Kuan Yew systematically made is poor nation into a rich one by copying the parts of Anglo society he thought was responsible for their wealth. And guess what, it worked!
There are a handful of countries who did not benefit from shady dealings and still made it through and the one you pointed out was built by a enlightened and relatively benevolent genius. Hard to scale that.