Wittgenstein famously got his PhD from Trinity College in Cambridge by basically showing up and handing in the finished Tractatus Logico-philosophicus. Wittgenstein was of course a rare case, but that work was groundbreaking and leading philosophers at the time agreed, he defended and was given a PhD. Moore, one of the people overseeing his defense, stated “I consider that this is a work of genius but, even if it is not, it is well above the standard required for a PhD degree.”
Today getting that PhD is a combination of a bizarre hazing ritual and making sure you don't offend any of the other department faculty that will ultimately be deciding if you're worthy. I've seen a few cases from my time in academia where jealous or bitter faculty will do anything to ruin the carer of someone they view as threatening.
If Wittgenstein where alive today he probably would have ended up a software engineer writing an engaging blog in his spare time that most academics viewed as hopelessly obscure and amateur.