I've done exactly this and the process remains available for e.g. Green tape /LTCC material. The accuracy of the components tends to be quite poor and capacitors are historically crap compared to discretes. But trimming is an option, and a well designed circuit can take advantage of the non idealities of the implementation.

In that Era the state of the art was multiple layers of ceramic substrate. Modern techniques like Volterra have allow you to print the ink and insulation. No reason it can't also print resistors. You can have a ten layer single sided board, printed in your lab in an afternoon. My only issue with it is the relatively poor conductivity of the conductive ink. But that will be solved eventually.

Printed carbon resistors used to be reasonably popular in the 80s and 90s [1]. The process fell out of fashion as components and assembly became cheaper.

[1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zao8upe4phs

You can already buy screen printable resistor inks.