Electron has entire libraries that are portable cross-OS. It is literally write once, deploy on Ubuntu, Mac, Win10. I've never had an issue, even using serial ports and USB interfaces. Qt is just a GUI, you will still need to write native hardware interface code. As a bonus, with Electron you also get ALL of the modern frameworks and templates. If you choose Qt you will always feel "behind".
EDIT: Based on this thread I need to re-examine Qt. They now have cross-platform USB endpoint classes that are of interest. But I'm not giving up my frameworks.