Etymology of the Word “Lord”
etymonline.com
etymonline.com
etym ()
{
realw3m=/usr/bin/w3m;
$realw3m -T text/html "https://www.etymonline.com/word/${1}"
}
("realw3m" as I often otherwise alias or define w3m as a bash function so that it loads my bookmarks file by default if given no arguments.)
But then "ward" is often a building or section, or, a minor under protection. Maybe "warden" keeps the meaning while being etymologically similar.
Edit: after a bit of googling it seems that ward and warden are cognates (alongside guard and others), but the former is from Old English, and the latter is a later import from French, though French speakers got it from Germanic sources.
english: goalkeeper
The C/S element comes in handy on systems where the client is available, but dictionaries aren't. So from MacOS I can query my local Linux box.
(Debian has numerous dictionaries, including the US Census Gazeteer files, and others --- any information that can be represented in the dict format and be keyword-queried, basically. Quite handy.)
A principle limitation is that there's no security component, so anyone with segmented knowledge will not be having a good time. But pretty much anything else.
Using dict you can specify the target dictionary using the '-d <dictionary>' option. This can of course also be aliased or written into shell functions.
[0] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/loaf#Etymology_1
[1] https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Reconstructed_term...
Still there in modern German for "loaf": "Laib".
> barn (n.): "covered building for the storage of farm produce," Old English bereærn "barn," literally "barley house," from bere "barley" (see barley) + aern "house," metathesized from rann, rasn (source also of Old Norse rann "large house," Gothic razn "house," Old English rest "resting place"). For the formation, compare Old English sealtærn "saltworks," horsern "stable." In Anglo-Saxon England, barley was a primary grain crop. Barley was not always the only crop grown as the data recovered at Bishopstone might suggest but it is always the most commonly represented, followed by wheat and then rye and oats. [C.J. Arnold, "An Archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms," 1988, p.36]
> Another word for "barn" in Old English was beretun, "barley enclosure" (from tun "enclosure, house"), which accounts for the many Barton place names on the English map, and the common surname. Applied from early 18c. to any large, barn-like building. Barn door has been used figuratively for "broad target" since 1670s and "great size" since 1540s. Barn-owl attested by 1670s. Barn-raising "a collective effort by neighbors or community members to erect the frame of a barn for one of them, accompanied by a social gathering" is attested by 1849.
https://www.etymonline.com/word/barn
You might also like The History of English Podcast; I highly recommend it: https://historyofenglishpodcast.com/
On a related note, an old friend of mine was really into Norwegian back in the day. He used to say Norwegian is very similar to English. Is that true?
As far as grammar and syntax are concerned, Old Norse had some interesting effects such as influencing leveling of noun declensions but generally these are just simplifications of native English grammar and not imports from Norse (which had a full on conjugation system). The borrowing of certain Norse pronouns into English is probably one of the most extraordinary changes.
Another angle is to look at sound changes. English has shared sound changes with other West Germanic languages, while there are sound changes in North Germanic that English lacks. Compare the initial consonant cluster in West Germanic words for shield:
shield / schild (Dutch) / Schild (German)
Versus North Germanic:
skjold (Danish) / skjöldur (Icelandic) / skydda (Swedish)
There are some people who argue Middle English is a creole [1] due to the massive influences from Norman and Old Norse but to say it’s North Germanic (or even Romance?) is pretty incredible. The implication would be that the British Isles spoke a form of Old Norse which absorbed almost all the features of Old English, which is not what our written records show. My understanding is that even the creole theory is not widely accepted among linguists due to some features of creoles that are missing in English (e.g. standardization of irregular verbs, irregular plural nouns, …).
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_English_creole_hypothes...
Not to worry, it's just transliterated like that because it's a velar fricative, sort of like—but not completely similar to—the Ch-sound in the German word ach. In any case I think you'll agree that it's pretty distinct from the breathy H-sound commonly found in Germanic languages.
> He used to say Norwegian is very similar to English. Is that true?
Yes and no. Bessides both being Germanic languages, English has a ton of Germanic loan-words from the viking age, and indeed older related words from the Saxons themselves. This makes part of the languages familiar to each other, and thus easier to learn. But really, the thing that makes English the most easy to learn for Scandinavians is the lack of dubbing on British and American films and TV shows over here. Being smaller nations, it's viewed as more economic to simply subtitle foreign shows. On the other hand, the guys who seems to have the easiest time learning Norwegian, outside other Scandinavians, are the Dutch. On the other hand English has way more Latin and French loanwords than in Scandinavian (though, granted, Swedish probably have more modern French loanwords due to their French lineage king).
You've got a similar situation, if you picture the different Slavic languages, such as Polish vs Bulgarian. I bet you think Bulgarian is easier to learn than Polish. Correct me if I'm wrong. :)
Depends on how well attested the language is. In Koine Greek I would imagine they’re relatively rare, but in Etruscan or Epic Greek much more common.
> Epiousios (ἐπιούσιος) is a Greek adjective used in the Lord's Prayer verse "Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν ἐπιούσιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμερον"[a] 'Give us today our epiousion bread'. Because the word is used nowhere else, its meaning is unclear. It is traditionally translated as "daily", but most modern scholars reject that interpretation.
Basically, early Christians were fanboys obsessed with the minutia and canonical stories of their favorite fantasy series published in two volumes. (Amusingly, it seems that L. Ron Hubbard noticed the same thing years ago and thought, "Hey, I can do that...")