For package signing: use something in the signify/minisign family.
To encrypt a network transport, use WireGuard.
To protect a web transaction on the wire, TLS 1.3.
For transferring files: use Magic Wormhole.
For backups: use something like Tarsnap or restic.
For messaging: use something that does Signal Protocol.
To protect files at rest, use encrypted DMGs (or your OS's equivalent, like encrypted loop mounts).
To encrypt individual files --- a niche ask --- use Filippo's ungooglable "age".